In West Java there are five kinds of calung including calung buhun, calung tarawangsa, calung rantay, calung gamelan and calung jingjing. 3 Calung is the bamboo xylophone used in the Sundanese music of West Java. 2 Angklung is a set of tuned, shaken bamboo rattles.
Singers include female (sinden) and male (alok). Other instruments include xylophone (gambang), flute (suling), and spike fiddle (rebab). A Sundanese gamelan mainly consists of a core group of metallophones (saron), horizontal gong-chime sets (bonang), a set of vertically suspended gongs (goong and kempul) and a set of Sundanese barrel drums (kendang). In 1992, I arranged and performed several Sundanese 1 A gamelan refers to a set of musical instruments consisting of gongs, metal-keyed instruments, drums, and a variety of other instruments. In this recording we included several arrangements of kbs. and I produced a recording Senam Gending (Music for Exercise) that combined traditional Sundanese and Western music. and other groups which performed Sundanese children s songs. In 1990, I joined the Gentramadya 4 music group led by Nano S. We played children s songs which had no known creator as well as those created by notable Sundanese composers, including Koko Koswara and Nano S. 3 We used these musical instruments to accompany Sundanese songs, including children s songs kakawihan barudak Sunda (henceforth kbs). ivġ0 1.0 INTRODUCTION As an elementary school student in Bandung, West Java, I joined several music groups that played traditional Sundanese musical instruments including gamelan, 1 angklung, 2 and calung. This thesis also provides written materials for teaching Sundanese language and cultural values, particularly for elementary school students in West Java, Indonesia. This thesis presents a musical and lyrical/textual analysis of five songs and contributes to English-language scholarship about Sundanese music and culture. In the 1950s, the context of performance of kakawihan barudak Sunda shifted from village contexts to entertainment, music competitions, and festivals. Sundanese people believe that these songs have existed for hundreds of years.
Kakawihan barudak Sunda are disseminated orally from one generation to the next. The lyrics of kakawihan barudak Sunda contain deep meanings and reflect particular Sundanese historical, social, and cultural/religious values. Kakawihan barudak Sunda refer to: (1) a repertoire of songs, and (2) the social context of singing these songs. Kakawihan barudak Sunda are sung throughout the province of West Java. University of Pittsburgh, 2010 This thesis explores the musical characteristics of Sundanese children s songs (kakawihan barudak Sunda) and interprets the meanings embedded in these songs. 4 KAKAWIHAN BARUDAK SUNDA: SUNDANESE CHILDREN S SONGS OF WEST JAVA Indra Ridwan, M.A.
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